| A
SIZES |
Series
of finished trimmed sizes in the ISO international paper size range |
| A4
CONTINUOUS |
Nearest
comparable size to A4. Produced on continuous machines it allows 1/2"
on either edge for removal of sprocket holes after end-use via computer
printer. Size is 11.666" depth x 9.25". With micro perforations
compares favourably with A4 cut sheet |
| ABRASION
RESISTANCE |
Ability
of a surface to resist rubbing or other frictional forces without being
worn away |
| AIR-DRIED |
Paper
dried by a current of warm air after tub-sizing |
| ANTIQUE
FINISH |
Description
of paper finish, a natural, rough texture, usually selected for book and
cover papers where bulk and light weight are required |
| ART
PAPER |
Paper
which has received a coating of china clay and size. Usually shiny this
paper has a very smooth surface which may be matt or dull |
| ASH
CONTENT |
Ash
content is determined by amount of mineral fillers contained in paper.
Stiffness of paper is reduced by increased ash content |
| B
SIZES |
ISO
International sizes, intended primarily for posters, wall charts and
similar items where there is too great a difference in size of the larger
sheets in the A Size series |
| BACKGROUND
REFLECTANCE |
Optical
quality of a background surface, such as paper. It is described in terms
of the amount of radiant energy received from its surface by a sensing
device. Reflectance is expressed as a percentage of a standard reference
material |
| BACKING
OR RELEASE PAPER |
Carrier
for self adhesive material such as labels. The backing readily separates
from the adhesive label prior to the application of the material to a
surface. [release paper] |
| BANK
PAPER |
Fine
writing or typewriting paper - ranging in weight from 45g/m2 to under
63g/m2. Mainly for use with carbon paper to take one or more copies from a
top copy of heavier weight. [bond] |
| BASIC
SIZE |
Size
of paper used to define basis weight. Size varies depending on the paper
grade. Basic size of bond and writing papers is 17" x 22". Basic
size of offset papers is 25" x38" |
| BASIS
WEIGHT |
Designated
fixed weight of one ream [500 sheets] of paper, in the paper's basic sheet
size. Used as the basis for measuring the substance of paper by weight.
Fixed basic sizes that determine designated weights and apply to different
paper types |
| BLADE
COATED |
Paper
coating method using an air blade or metal blade |
| BOARDS
- BRISTOL |
Type
of fine quality cardboard which can be strengthened by pasting two, or
even more sheets, together |
| BOARDS
- CHIP |
Low
quality board made from mechanical wood and waste materials |
| BOARDS
- MILL |
High
grade board, made from rope and other materials |
| BOARDS
- PASTE |
Two
or more laminations of paper with middle or lower quality |
| BOARDS
- PULP |
Homogeneous
sheet which breaks very easily when bent, and is manufactured from pulp on
a cylinder machine |
| BOARDS
- STRAW |
Straw
composition board, usually used for making covers of cheaper books |
| BODY
PAPER |
Base
of coated paper |
| BOND
PAPER |
Heavier
weight of writing or typewriting paper than 'bank' supplied in 63g/m2 and
over |
| BRIGHTNESS |
Normally
associated with white paper, this is the paper's ability to reflect light.
The brightness of a paper is expressed as a percentage, obtained by
comparing a sample of paper, called a 'calibration sample', with the paper
to be tested |
| BROADSIDE |
Sheet
of paper in its basic size, or paper that is not folded or cut |
| BUILD-UP |
Condition
at production stage, in which material such as paper dust or lint,
accumulates and adheres to a roller, cylinder, blanket or other part of a
press. Also refers to formation of an uneven pile caused when one side of
a form is thicker |
| BULK |
Thickness
of paper [calliper], or the thickness of the total number of pages in a
publication |
| C
SIZES |
Paper
sizes - the C series within the ISO International paper sizes range, and
relates to envelopes or folders suitable for enclosing stationery in the A
sizes |
| CALENDER |
Process
used to compact paper fibres and to impart a smooth finish by passing
paper through a series of polished steel rolls with chilled surfaces.
Rolls can be individually controlled to maintain desired smoothness, gloss
and calliper of sheet |
| CALENDER
ROLLS |
Stack
or set of horizontal metal rolls used to produce the required smoothness
and finish to paper. Rolls are located at the dry end of a paper machine |
| CALIPER |
Measure
of a paper's thickness - expressed in thousandths of an inch |
| CARTRIDGE |
Tough,
opaque paper, sometimes a cream shade with a rough surface. Used
principally for guard books, large envelopes, drawing and offset
printing.CBS1 96 gsm paper, suitable for use in MICR
readers and approved by the clearing banks.CBS2 85 gsm
paper, suitable for optical reading devices, and approved by the clearing
banks |
| CF
SPOT PROCESS |
Partial
transfer of carbon inks printed using letterpress, dry offset or
flexographic printing processes and special ink. For use when copy of
small area of form is required. Inks should only be printed on standard
uncoated grades of paper |
| CHEMICAL
MATED [CF] [CFB] |
Carbon
paper term [coated front] [coated front-and-back] |
| CHEMICAL
WOOD PULP |
Pulp
made from chipped wood, treated with chemicals to remove non-cellulose
materials when it can then be used in better grade of wood pulp papers.
Improves qualities of mechanical pulp when chemical wood pulp is mixed
with better grade wood pulp |
| CHEQUE
PAPER |
Chemically
treated paper process to highlight tampering with writing on cheques.
Safety paper |
| CHINA
CLAY |
Fine
white clay used in papermaking for loading and coating |
| CHLORINE-FREE
[PAPER] |
Paper
pulp bleaching process which does not use organic chlorine compounds, but
uses such materials as oxygen peroxide. This is a more environmentally
friendly process |
| CLAY
COATING |
Coating
treatment of paper to improve smoothness and opacity |
| COATED
PAPER |
Process
during manufacture to decrease porosity and absorbency and improve
printability and appearance. Paper has undergone sizing and calendering
and the coating consists of finely divided pigments and water based bind.
[calender] |
| COMPRESSIBILITY |
Paper
grade. If paper is too strongly compressed it will not be suitable for
printing forms, as it will not have the correct runnability and will not
absorb ink quickly enough therefore calendered papers only used in special
circumstances |
| CONTROL
PUNCHING |
Series
of holes running parallel to edge of paper web. Used to control paper
movement in manufacturing, or forms writing machine, burster or end-user
equipment |
| CONVERTING |
Process
of changing physical form of paper |
| COTTON
FIBRE CONTENT PAPER |
Paper
containing cotton fibre using 25, 50, 75 or 100% cotton. Suitable for
letterheads, stock certificate pages, onionskin copies and index cards |
| CURL |
Waviness
or rolling effect which sometimes occurs at edge of sheet of paper.
Associated with improper moisture balance in sheet, uneven drying as sheet
comes off press, fibre orientation within sheet, improper refining of pulp
or mechanical stress |
| DANDY
ROLL |
Wire
gauze cylinder on papermaking machine. Comes into contact with paper
whilst wet. Used to impress watermarks |
| DE-INKING
PROCESS |
Removal
of printing inks from recycled paper fibres |
| DECKLE |
Width
of web [width of paper making machine] this is limited by deckle straps |
| DECKLE
EDGE |
Feathery
edge feature of hand made or mould made paper, produced by the frame of
mould. [Double deckle edge - the same effect but on both sides of sheet] |
| DEPTH |
Measurement
of a form around the printing cylinder. When quoting form sizes, always
quote in depth first i.e. 11" x 15.5" [11" is the depth] |
| DIMENSIONAL
STABILITY |
Paper
ability to withstand stress during production and retain dimensions in all
directions even under adverse environmental conditions |
| DRY
GUM |
Dry-gummed
paper which glues when wet |
| DULL-COATED
PAPER |
Paper
which is coated and has an embossed finish, having been supercalendered.
Exhibits low gloss and high ink holdout. Suitable for high quality colour
reproduction with minimal paper gloss |
| DUPLEX
PAPER |
Two
qualities or colours of paper which are combined in wet state during the
paper making process |
| ELMDORF
TESTER |
Device
used to test the tear strength of paper. [tear strength] |
| FINISH |
Generic
term for the surface characteristics of a paper. Finishes range from rough
to smooth. Additional smoothness can be obtained if paper is
supercalendered. Finish is important in getting the correct reproduction
of a printed image |
| FOIL
PAPER |
Metal
foil laminated paper |
| FOLD
MEMORY |
Fold
in paper which will not straighten out completely |
| FORM
BOND |
Grade
of writing/printing paper designed to provide strength and manifolding
qualities which are required for business forms. Made from chemical wood
and/or mechanical pulp, and generally exhibits good perforating, folding,
punching properties etc |
| FOURDRINIER |
Machine
which manufactures most grades of paper. It has three units, the wet end,
press section and drying section |
| FREE
SHEET |
Uncoated
paper free of mechanical wood pulp |
| FURNISH |
Class
and proportion of materials used in the paper making process |
| GRAIN |
Predominant
alignment of fibres corresponding to direction in which paper flows on
wire screen of papermaking machine |
| GRAIN
DIRECTION |
Paper
web - direction in which the cellulose fibres tend to lie relative to the
motion of the papermaking machine. Paper has stronger physical properties
in machine direction and less dimensional variation if exposed to changes
in humidity |
| GRAMMAGE |
Weight
of paper defined in grams per square metre. [g/m2] |
| GREASEPROOF |
Wood
pulp paper made translucent by prolonged beating of the pulp |
| GREYBOARDS |
Case
boards, mainly produced in Holland, which are of a higher quality than
chip boards. |
| GROUNDWOOD
PAPER |
Excluding
newsprint, any paper which is going to be used for printing or converting
and which contains substantial proportions of mechanical pulp |
| GUILLOTINE |
Paper
trimming machine |
| GUMMED
PAPERS |
Paper
with adhesive backing which can be supplied already gummed. A general term
for label paper finished with an adhesive coating to one side |
| HARD-SIZED
[PAPER] |
Relative
term used to indicate the maximum size of paper |
| IMITATION
ART |
Paper
which is heavily loaded with china clay and also highly finished. It is
used for catalogues and is also suitable for halftone screen up to 48
lines per centimetre |
| HARD-SIZED
[PAPER] |
Relative
term used to indicate the maximum size of paper |
| IMITATION
ART |
Paper
which is heavily loaded with china clay and also highly finished. It is
used for catalogues and is also suitable for halftone screen up to 48
lines per centimetre |
| INDEX
BRISTOL |
Paper
used for cards, tab cards and other similar applications requiring heavier
weight of paper |
| INDIA
PAPER |
Opaque
rag paper used for books where extreme lightness or thinness is required.
This paper was originally imported from China |
| INTERNATIONAL
PAPER SIZES |
Standard
range of metric paper sizes as defined by the International Standards
Organisation [ISO] and British Standards Institution [BSI] |
| LEDGER
PAPER |
Paper
used primarily for business ledgers, accounting etc. It is strong,
smooth-finished, low gloss, with facility to allow easy erasure |
| LINE
HOLES |
Series
of dots running parallel to the edge of the paper web. Used to control
paper in manufacturing machine, forms writing machine, burster or other
end user equipment |
| LINEN
FINISH |
End
result of compressing paper between linen-patterned felts, or by embossing
a continuous web of paper with a steel roll which has been engraved to so
that it looks like the surface of linen cloth |
| LISTING
PAPER |
Stock
item in single or multi-part forms. Available in many sizes and can be pre-printed or
plain |
| LOADING |
Clay
or other mineral which is included in the furnish of a paper to produce a
more solid and smoother sheet |
| LOOK-THROUGH |
Appearance
of paper when it is held up to a bright light |
| MACHINE
DIRECTION |
Direction
of lie of cellulose fibres due to motion of papermaking machine - long way
or web of paper. Also direction in which product is printed in reel-fed
machine i.e. head or foot of label first, or wide edge or narrow edge
leading along web |
| MACHINE
FINISH |
Paper
which is smooth calendered and uncoated. Not as glossy as supercalendered
paper. [see calendered, supercalendered] |
| MACHINE
GLAZED |
Highly
polished finish to one side of paper and a rough finish on the other |
| MANIFOLD |
Paper
which is thin, strong, and has a smooth surface and is used for
duplicating or copying of substance un 45g/m2 |
| MATT
ART |
Art
paper with dull eggshell finish |
| MATT
FINISH |
Paper
finish with level, smooth-coated surface and little or no gloss |
| MECHANICAL
PAPER |
Paper
containing a proportion of mechanical wood pulp |
| MECHANICAL
WOOD PULP |
Pulp
produced by grinding wood mechanically. Used for cheap papers i.e.
newsprint, combined with larger proportions of chemical wood pulp for more
superior qualities of paper |
| MEMORY |
Tendency of a substance to return to its original state. e.g. whether or
not a piece of folded paper can return to its flat state without evidence
of it having ever been folded. |
| MILL
ROLL |
Paper
roll as delivered from paper mill |
| MILL-FINISHED
[PAPER] |
Machine-finished
or mill-finished. Paper that is not supercalendered |
| MILL-GLAZED
[PAPER] |
Mill-glazed
or machine-glazed paper. Applied to a large range of papers which are
characteristically rough on one side and highly glazed on the other |
| MILLBOARD |
Board
of high grade, made from rope and other materials and brown in colour. It
is very hard, very touch and has a good finish. Used for the covers of
better quality bound books |
| OFFSET
PAPER |
Paper
which is uncoated or coated and strong enough to resist the pull of tacky
inks used in offset lithography |
| OPACITY |
Ability
of a substance to prevent light from passing through it. Also a term used
for paper on which Bar Codes are printed |
| PAPER
GRAIN |
Predominant
alignment of fibres corresponding to direction in which paper flows on
wire screen of papermaking machine |
| PAPER
SMOOTHNESS |
Paper
resistance to air flow, used as a measure |
| PAPERWEIGHT |
Weight
of paper which is measured in grams per square metre. [GSM/gm2] e.g. 60
gsm usually used for single part listing paper |
| PASTE
BOARD |
Paper
board made of two or more papers or boards laminated together |
| PERFORATION
TEAR STRENGTH |
Tear
strength of perforated paper, measured perpendicular to perforation and
related to combination of perforation pattern and type of paper. Expressed
in weight per unit area. |
| POROSITY |
Characteristic
of being permeable to liquids |
| PORTRAIT |
Orientation
of sheet of paper i.e. narrow edge or A4 at top and bottom is termed
portrait, long edge of A4 at top and bottom is termed landscape |
| PRINTABILITY |
Characteristics
of paper to ensure good quality print |
| PULP
BOARD |
Board
manufactured on a Fourdrinier machine or special cylinder machine by a
similar method used to manufacture paper |
| PULP
CLASSIFICATION |
Classification
of uncoated papers according to furnish. i.e. DIN 827 Specification for
Pulp Classification |
| RAG
PAPER |
Cotton
fibre content paper |
| REAM |
Quantity
of 500 sheets of paper |
| RECYCLED
PAPER |
Paper
produced from waste paper. Fibres are never as good as when originally
used |
| RECYCLED
PAPER GRADES |
Percentage
of post consumer, de-inked waste paper combined with pulp stock made from
virgin fibre to ensure good runnability characteristics |
| REGISTER
BOND |
Grade
of writing and printing paper. [Form Bond] |
| RELATIVE
HUMIDITY |
Moisture
of the surrounding air and any packaging materials which affects
dimensional stability of paper |
| SAFETY
PAPER |
Paper
coated or printed to produce a warning word e.g. 'void' if the original is
tampered with. Often used to manufacture checks so often called check
paper |
| SHEETER |
Converting
machine which cuts a web of paper into individual sheets |
| SIZE |
Process
of binding fibres and loading together to increase resistance to ink and
increase strength. Resin or other sizing material is included in the
furnish of a paper |
| SIZING |
Process
of applying resin or other sizing material included in the furnish of a
paper to hind the fibres and loading together. This provides greater
resistance to |
The National
Association of Paper Merchants
